Project Title: NRI: INT: MANUFACTURING USA: COLLAB: In-Situ Collaborative Robotics in Confined Spaces

NSF Award Number: 1734461

Additional award details can be found at the NSF website.

This is a 4-year collaborative project with the Biorobotics Lab at Carnegie Mellon University. The Principal Investigators on this grant are Dr. Nabil Simaan (Vanderbilt University) and Dr. Howie Choset (Carnegie Mellon University).

Active Personnel:

• Andrew Orekhov (2017-present)
• Colette Abah (2017-present)
• Garrison Johnston (2018-present)

Undergraduate Interns:

• Jeongwoo Seo (Summer 2020 REU)
• Sina Ghandi (Summer 2020 REU)
• Lauren Howard (Summer 2019 REU)
• Jin Suh (Summer 2019 REU)

Many manufacturing operations require workers to perform operations in confined spaces, subjecting them to possible fatigue and injury from performing tedious tasks in non-ergonomic postures. Intelligent robotic assistants can facilitate safe and ergonomic reach into such spaces, while allowing human workers to remain physically present and in full control over delicate operations. The project will investigate the use of highly reconfigurable, in-situ, collaborative robots (ISCRs) with the enhanced perception and support-autonomy needed to allow a worker and a robot to safely share a common space and collaborate through physical interaction. Conventional robots cannot be used as ISCRs because they are bulky, special-purpose and difficult to program. This project's ISCRs are expected to reduce worker fatigue and musculoskeletal injuries, which are responsible for more than 34 percent of lost work days in the United States, and increase worker productivity. Their added intelligence is also expected to make the robots easier to use, by offering a human-friendly means of interaction. The research has potential applications in the aerospace industry, including the manufacture and service of the fuselage and wings, inspection and repair of hydraulic lines or fuel tanks and pipes, caulking, welding of structural joints and deburring.

This work to support effective human-robot collaboration in confined spaces makes three main technical contributions: 1) design and control strategies for ISCRs, 2) contact detection and location estimation and 3) simultaneous contact-force and navigation (SCAN) planning, so that a robot can use bracing to maneuver deep into a confined space. The ISCRs allow compliance and robustness to geometric uncertainty, reduced inertia, contact sensing and regulated force of interaction with the environment. This new design enables the exploration of real-time estimation for contact state detection, a screw-theoretic approach for constraint identification, and stiffness modeling. The research will also develop planners to achieve SCAN within a semi-structured environment with uncertainty and will use intentional contact to allow enable the robot to reach deep into confined spaces.

Publications

1. A. L. Orekhov, N. Simaan "Solving Cosserat Rod Models via Collocation and the Magnus Expansion," 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Oct. 2020 (accepted). [arXiv]
2. G. L. H. Johnston, A. L. Orekhov, N. Simaan, "Kinematic Modeling and Compliance Modulation of Redundant Manipulators Under Bracing Constraints," 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), May 2020. [arXiv]
3. A. L. Orekhov and N. Simaan, “Directional Stiffness Modulation of Parallel Robots With Kinematic Redundancy and Variable Stiffness Joints,” Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, vol. 11, p. 051003, Oct. 2019. [video]
4. C. Abah, A. L. Orekhov, G. L. H. Johnston, P. Yin, H. Choset, and N. Simaan, “A Multi-modal Sensor Array for Safe Human-Robot Interaction and Mapping,” 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), May 2019. [video]

Published: 04 August 2020